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• Aug 2023, 30

What Factors Affect Sperm Quality?

There are a number of factors affecting sperm quality, including how healthy, motile, and functional the sperm are. Here are some main factors:

●        There can be a decline in sperm quality with age, especially after the age of 50. As men get older, there can be a decline in sperm quality. Older men may have fewer sperm, and they may not be as motile.

●        Certain lifestyle factors can affect the quality of sperm, such as smoking, heavy drinking, drug use, and an unhealthy diet.

●        Sperm quality can be affected by being overweight or obese. It could result in hormonal imbalances and a higher temperature in the testicles, which can both cause damage to sperm production and performance.

●        Several health conditions, such as diabetes, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and hormone disorders, can have an effect on sperm quality.

●        Treatments and medications such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and the use of anabolic steroids can also have a negative effect on sperm production and quality.

●        Exposure to heat can also be a factor. Prolonged exposure to high temperatures, like in hot tubs or saunas, may temporarily reduce sperm quality.

●        Chronic stress may cause hormone imbalances that affect sperm production and function.

●        Varicocele is a condition where scrotal veins swell, increasing testicular temperature and damaging sperm quality.

●        Exposure to harmful toxins in the environment can also negatively impact sperm quality. Pesticides, industrial chemicals, and heavy metals can damage the quality of sperm.

●        Infections of the reproductive system, such as epididymitis or prostatitis, can also affect sperm quality.

●        In certain instances, genetics can contribute to the quality of sperm.

●        Diet and nutrition also influence sperm quality. A healthy diet that includes vital nutrients like antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals can help with the production of healthy sperm.

How To Recognize Quality Sperm?

Determining quality sperm during a comprehensive semen analysis requires the expert view of a trained professional. However, some general indicators of sperm quality are;

Sperm count: A higher sperm count often indicates better sperm quality. In a healthy man, sperm counts typically range from 15 million/ml and above.

Sperm motility: Sperm need to swim efficiently to get where they need to go. Sperm moving straight ahead indicates they are of excellent quality.

Sperm morphology: Proper sperm shape requires an oval head and an elongated tail. This ensures optimum quality. Irregularities in sperm shape can lead to fertility problems.

Semen volume: The standard for semen volume is in the range of 1.5 to 5 millilitres. As the volume increases, the concentration may decrease, negatively affecting fertility.

pH levels: A slightly alkaline pH (above 7) is ideal for semen. A pH imbalance can indicate problems with sperm function.

Liquefaction: Semen usually liquefies within this time frame, following a regular pattern. Delayed liquefaction may indicate a problem.

Sperm viability: Quantifying the percentage of viable sperm is crucial. A higher percentage of viable sperm is beneficial.

Since no single factor determines sperm quality, it's important to consider a comprehensive semen analysis. A thorough medical history, physical examination, and assessment of these factors will help determine overall fertility potential.

Which Tests Should Be Performed?

Tests for sperm quality and male fertility include:

-         Semen Analysis: Evaluates sperm count, motility, morphology, volume, pH, and other factors.

-         Hormone testing: Measures hormone levels to identify imbalances.

-         Physical Examination: Checks for anatomical abnormalities

-         Infectious Disease Screening: Detects infections that may affect sperm quality.

-         Genetic Testing: Assesses for chromosomal abnormalities or genetic conditions.

-         Sperm DNA Fragmentation Test: Measures DNA damage in sperm.

-         Sperm Vitality Test: Determines the percentage of live sperm.

-         Other Tests: Depending on the situation, additional tests may include antisperm antibody testing, post-ejaculatory urinalysis, and ultrasound.

The choice of tests depends on individual circumstances and symptoms. Consulting a specialist is essential for personalized evaluation and guidance.

What is the Color of Quality Sperm?

Healthy sperm is typically a milky white or grayish color. Semen, which includes sperm, may have slight variations in color among people and may be affected by factors like diet and hydration. However, unusual colors like yellow or greenish semen may be a sign of potential problems, such as infection or the presence of blood. Contact your doctor if you notice any change in your semen color that's significant and persistent.

How to Increase Sperm Quality?

To improve sperm quality:

★      Eat a balanced diet with antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals.

★      Maintain a healthy weight through exercise and diet.

★      Limit alcohol and avoid smoking.

★      Manage stress with relaxation techniques.

★      Get enough sleep (7-9 hours).

★      Avoid excessive heat exposure in the genital area.

★      Protect against STIs.

★      Minimize exposure to toxins and chemicals.

★      Consult a healthcare provider if you have concerns about fertility.